Highlights of the Presentation
The presentation started with the two key developments to give emphasis on the efforts made to forge a new legal regime for LGB rights were galvanized (i.e. England and the 1957 Wolfenden Report, United Nations and social movement in 1967) that started the uprising of gay residents in New York City in response to systematic police harassment. This lead specific social changes as LGB formed in multiple fora. The Convention on the Elimination of Racial Distribution (CEDAW) being passive on the issue was also stated in the role play for its significant domain on the forms of discrimination against LGB people occurs—yet the Committee remained silent. The presentation were on point with the significant improvements made on the legal and social changes through the statement made by the decision of the American Psychiatric Association in 1973, United Nations Commission on Human Rights’ (UNCHR) statement on sexual orientation and United Nations Human Rights Committee’s (UNHRC) conclusion on the case of Toonen v. Australia. Lastly, initiatives were presented led by the UN as like-minded states collaborated and one of which was the condemning extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary executions which was the MUN focus.
Omissions in the Presentation
The omissions made were made in order to minimize the flow and it does not go beyond the time limit. This covers the flow of the events of the role play that were least relevant and some parts of the MUN simulation wherein there was no need for further discussion on the GGI focus.
Resolution on Extrajudicial Arbitrary Executions
Among all the resolutions about LGB, the chosen GGI focus gives the spotlight to the international organizations particularly the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) with the resolution A/C.3/69/L.47/Rev.1. Significantly, the resolution calls upon States to investigate killings based on discriminatory grounds, including killings that target people based on their sexual orientation or gender identity, their race, their immigration status and other aspects of identity, such as migrant status.
The extrajudicial killing resolution was the first official text of the UN to acknowledge the obligation of member states to protect individuals on the basis of their ‘sexual orientation.’ It is also in this resolution where the countries have actively responded on the issue.
Integrated IO Theory
The chosen theory to explain the IOs role in this GGI focus is liberalism. In a liberalist point of view, individuals take a positive view on human nature and share many interests and can thus engage in collaborative and cooperative social action, domestically as well as internationally, which results greater benefits for everybody at home and abroad. This also applies to the IOs role who showed support on a concerted effort by non-governmental organisations to ensure the successful adoption of the resolution, culminating in a joint letter by 30 NGOs to all States. A big step for IOs to triumph over human fear and lust of power. It evidently shows that belief in progress is a core liberal assumption.
'It is wonderful to see growing support for the protection of the right to life for all human beings. In particular, the support for this resolution builds on the success of the recent Human Rights Council resolution in September 2014, recognizing that combatting violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is a priority for the UN,' said Kim Vance, Co-Director, ARC International.
The presentation started with the two key developments to give emphasis on the efforts made to forge a new legal regime for LGB rights were galvanized (i.e. England and the 1957 Wolfenden Report, United Nations and social movement in 1967) that started the uprising of gay residents in New York City in response to systematic police harassment. This lead specific social changes as LGB formed in multiple fora. The Convention on the Elimination of Racial Distribution (CEDAW) being passive on the issue was also stated in the role play for its significant domain on the forms of discrimination against LGB people occurs—yet the Committee remained silent. The presentation were on point with the significant improvements made on the legal and social changes through the statement made by the decision of the American Psychiatric Association in 1973, United Nations Commission on Human Rights’ (UNCHR) statement on sexual orientation and United Nations Human Rights Committee’s (UNHRC) conclusion on the case of Toonen v. Australia. Lastly, initiatives were presented led by the UN as like-minded states collaborated and one of which was the condemning extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary executions which was the MUN focus.
Omissions in the Presentation
The omissions made were made in order to minimize the flow and it does not go beyond the time limit. This covers the flow of the events of the role play that were least relevant and some parts of the MUN simulation wherein there was no need for further discussion on the GGI focus.
Resolution on Extrajudicial Arbitrary Executions
Among all the resolutions about LGB, the chosen GGI focus gives the spotlight to the international organizations particularly the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) with the resolution A/C.3/69/L.47/Rev.1. Significantly, the resolution calls upon States to investigate killings based on discriminatory grounds, including killings that target people based on their sexual orientation or gender identity, their race, their immigration status and other aspects of identity, such as migrant status.
The extrajudicial killing resolution was the first official text of the UN to acknowledge the obligation of member states to protect individuals on the basis of their ‘sexual orientation.’ It is also in this resolution where the countries have actively responded on the issue.
Integrated IO Theory
The chosen theory to explain the IOs role in this GGI focus is liberalism. In a liberalist point of view, individuals take a positive view on human nature and share many interests and can thus engage in collaborative and cooperative social action, domestically as well as internationally, which results greater benefits for everybody at home and abroad. This also applies to the IOs role who showed support on a concerted effort by non-governmental organisations to ensure the successful adoption of the resolution, culminating in a joint letter by 30 NGOs to all States. A big step for IOs to triumph over human fear and lust of power. It evidently shows that belief in progress is a core liberal assumption.
'It is wonderful to see growing support for the protection of the right to life for all human beings. In particular, the support for this resolution builds on the success of the recent Human Rights Council resolution in September 2014, recognizing that combatting violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is a priority for the UN,' said Kim Vance, Co-Director, ARC International.